Volume 44, 2023 Issue 5
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- Research on the indicator system design for rural digital economy from the perspective of digital village construction
- Realizing the organic connection between stable poverty alleviation and rural revitalization
- Promoting rural revitalization in poverty-stricken areas by targeted poverty alleviation through tourism
- The integration of the three agricultural industries and the development of modern agriculture
- Current situation and policy suggestions of rural domestic sewage treatment in Henan Province
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- The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and the influencing factors of China’s hog industry
- Prospects for China’s agricultural modernization in 2035
- The setting up of identification system for agroecology
- Achievements and future development ideas of agricultural and rural modernization in China since the founding of the New China 70 years ago
- The evolution path of China’s grain production base and the influencing factors
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2023,44(5):755-764, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0078
Abstract:
The initiative in security of grain production capacity is the necessary task for consolidating the foundation of grain security in all respects. To grasp the scientific connotation of security of grain production capacity with Chinese characteristics, we should pay attention to domestic key areas while vigorously promoting a new round of action to increase grain production capacity. On the basis of explaining the connotation of the security of grain production capacity, and focusing on the realistic problems of the security guarantee of grain production capacity in northeast China, this paper analyzed the current challenges of grain production in northeast China, which are mainly reflected in the structural problems, resource constraints and environmental risks in this area, and specifically put forward the future ideas of changing and breakthrough paths. Results show that the main obstacles of the security guarantee of grain production capacity in northeast China include structural contradictions that are difficult to change in the short term, increasing resource constraints and more serious environmental risks. In the future, it is urgent to promote the grain production from “more grain production” to “stable grain production and better grain structure”, from “resource-intensive, high-input” to “technology-intensive, green production”, and from “passive adjustment and response” to “proactive prediction and adaptation”. This paper also suggests continuously improving the production structure and increasing the supply of high-quality grain products, strictly observing the red line of ecological protection and reducing the pressure on resources and environment, enhancing the vitality of grain production and leading the way in modern production and management, and improving regional climate resilience and the environmental risk prevention and control system to make breakthroughs.
The initiative in security of grain production capacity is the necessary task for consolidating the foundation of grain security in all respects. To grasp the scientific connotation of security of grain production capacity with Chinese characteristics, we should pay attention to domestic key areas while vigorously promoting a new round of action to increase grain production capacity. On the basis of explaining the connotation of the security of grain production capacity, and focusing on the realistic problems of the security guarantee of grain production capacity in northeast China, this paper analyzed the current challenges of grain production in northeast China, which are mainly reflected in the structural problems, resource constraints and environmental risks in this area, and specifically put forward the future ideas of changing and breakthrough paths. Results show that the main obstacles of the security guarantee of grain production capacity in northeast China include structural contradictions that are difficult to change in the short term, increasing resource constraints and more serious environmental risks. In the future, it is urgent to promote the grain production from “more grain production” to “stable grain production and better grain structure”, from “resource-intensive, high-input” to “technology-intensive, green production”, and from “passive adjustment and response” to “proactive prediction and adaptation”. This paper also suggests continuously improving the production structure and increasing the supply of high-quality grain products, strictly observing the red line of ecological protection and reducing the pressure on resources and environment, enhancing the vitality of grain production and leading the way in modern production and management, and improving regional climate resilience and the environmental risk prevention and control system to make breakthroughs.
2023,44(5):765-776, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0079
Abstract:
Main grain producing areas are the main supply base of agricultural products in China. Ensuring the high-quality development of the agricultural economy in the main producing areas is of great significance for doing a good job in food production and building a livable, business-friendly and beautiful village. Based on a panel data of 13 major grain producing areas from 2010 to 2020, this paper calculated the high-quality development level of agricultural economy in major grain producing areas and explores its regional differences and spatial distribution patterns by the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition method, ArcGIS data visualization function, and exploratory spatial data analysis method. Results show that the high-quality development level of the agricultural economy in major grain-producing areas is on the rise in time; and in space, it shows a slow transition from the middle-low level area to the middle-high level area, and the gradual advancement from the northeast region to the south-central region. The characteristics of spatial agglomeration are gradually weakening. The regional differences within the three major regions are continuously decreasing, but the inter-regional differences are still the main reason for the unbalanced development of agricultural economy. Therefore, to promote the sustainable development of agricultural economy in major grain-producing areas, this paper suggests: focusing on optimizing the efficiency of agricultural ecology, makeing overall plans for the development of agriculture and rural areas in various regions, and making full use of the radiation effect of high-level economic areas.
Main grain producing areas are the main supply base of agricultural products in China. Ensuring the high-quality development of the agricultural economy in the main producing areas is of great significance for doing a good job in food production and building a livable, business-friendly and beautiful village. Based on a panel data of 13 major grain producing areas from 2010 to 2020, this paper calculated the high-quality development level of agricultural economy in major grain producing areas and explores its regional differences and spatial distribution patterns by the entropy method, Dagum Gini coefficient and decomposition method, ArcGIS data visualization function, and exploratory spatial data analysis method. Results show that the high-quality development level of the agricultural economy in major grain-producing areas is on the rise in time; and in space, it shows a slow transition from the middle-low level area to the middle-high level area, and the gradual advancement from the northeast region to the south-central region. The characteristics of spatial agglomeration are gradually weakening. The regional differences within the three major regions are continuously decreasing, but the inter-regional differences are still the main reason for the unbalanced development of agricultural economy. Therefore, to promote the sustainable development of agricultural economy in major grain-producing areas, this paper suggests: focusing on optimizing the efficiency of agricultural ecology, makeing overall plans for the development of agriculture and rural areas in various regions, and making full use of the radiation effect of high-level economic areas.
2023,44(5):777-787, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0080
Abstract:
The effective supply of ecological products is the foundation for realizing the value of ecological products. Evaluating the regional ecological product supply capacity helps to identify the direction and path for achieving effective supply. This study seeks to clarify the concept of ecological products, to define the connotation and theoretical mechanism of ecological product supply capacity, and to construct an assessment framework for regional ecological product supply capacity. Taking Jiangxi Province as an example and applying the GIS spatial analysis and the entropy weight method, this paper also analyzes the regional ecosystem service functions, evaluates the regional ecological product supply capacity at the prefectural level, and explores strategies for improving regional ecological product supply capacity. Results show that there is still significant room for improvement in the ecological product supply capacity of Jiangxi Province. Even in Ganzhou, which has the largest resource area, the evaluation index of ecological product supply capacity is only 71.07. From 2010 to 2020, the ecological product supply capacity of various prefectural-level cities has improved to varying degrees, mainly due to the enhancement of social resource allocation capacity. Compared to Ganzhou, Xinyu, Yingtan, Pingxiang, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang have lower ecological product production capacity, while Shangrao, Ji’an, and Yichun, which have medium-level ecological product production capacity, still have significant room for improvement in their social resource allocation capacity. Therefore, based on the identification of the shortcomings in the ecological product supply capacity of each prefectural-level city, this research suggests targeting division of ecological product supply type zones, combining proactive government and effective market, and promoting green and low-carbon development.
The effective supply of ecological products is the foundation for realizing the value of ecological products. Evaluating the regional ecological product supply capacity helps to identify the direction and path for achieving effective supply. This study seeks to clarify the concept of ecological products, to define the connotation and theoretical mechanism of ecological product supply capacity, and to construct an assessment framework for regional ecological product supply capacity. Taking Jiangxi Province as an example and applying the GIS spatial analysis and the entropy weight method, this paper also analyzes the regional ecosystem service functions, evaluates the regional ecological product supply capacity at the prefectural level, and explores strategies for improving regional ecological product supply capacity. Results show that there is still significant room for improvement in the ecological product supply capacity of Jiangxi Province. Even in Ganzhou, which has the largest resource area, the evaluation index of ecological product supply capacity is only 71.07. From 2010 to 2020, the ecological product supply capacity of various prefectural-level cities has improved to varying degrees, mainly due to the enhancement of social resource allocation capacity. Compared to Ganzhou, Xinyu, Yingtan, Pingxiang, Jingdezhen, and Nanchang have lower ecological product production capacity, while Shangrao, Ji’an, and Yichun, which have medium-level ecological product production capacity, still have significant room for improvement in their social resource allocation capacity. Therefore, based on the identification of the shortcomings in the ecological product supply capacity of each prefectural-level city, this research suggests targeting division of ecological product supply type zones, combining proactive government and effective market, and promoting green and low-carbon development.
2023,44(5):788-796, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0082
Abstract:
High-quality development of agricultural insurance provides risk protection for agricultural development, which is important for realizing high-quality development. Taking the nine provinces through which the main tributaries of the Yellow River pass as examples, the study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of the level of high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin in the period of 2010–2020 by using the entropy-based TOPSIS methods and utilizes the obstacle-degree model to identify its main development obstacle factors. The results of the study show that, in terms of temporal evolution, the overall level of high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin shows a fluctuating upward trend, but the overall level is still relatively low, and the speed and level of high-quality development of agricultural insurance in different provinces are different. In terms of spatial evolution, there is a “binary spatial structure”, and it gradually evolves from a low gradient to a high gradient, presenting a more complex development pattern. In addition, the results of the identification of obstacle factors show that factors such as government support and the development level of agricultural insurance constrain the high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, it is recommended to increase government support for agricultural insurance, clarify the rights and responsibilities of government departments in the development of agricultural insurance, and improve the development level of agricultural insurance, etc., so as to realize the high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin.
High-quality development of agricultural insurance provides risk protection for agricultural development, which is important for realizing high-quality development. Taking the nine provinces through which the main tributaries of the Yellow River pass as examples, the study analyzes the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of the level of high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin in the period of 2010–2020 by using the entropy-based TOPSIS methods and utilizes the obstacle-degree model to identify its main development obstacle factors. The results of the study show that, in terms of temporal evolution, the overall level of high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin shows a fluctuating upward trend, but the overall level is still relatively low, and the speed and level of high-quality development of agricultural insurance in different provinces are different. In terms of spatial evolution, there is a “binary spatial structure”, and it gradually evolves from a low gradient to a high gradient, presenting a more complex development pattern. In addition, the results of the identification of obstacle factors show that factors such as government support and the development level of agricultural insurance constrain the high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, it is recommended to increase government support for agricultural insurance, clarify the rights and responsibilities of government departments in the development of agricultural insurance, and improve the development level of agricultural insurance, etc., so as to realize the high-quality development of agricultural insurance in the Yellow River Basin.
2023,44(5):797-802, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0090
Abstract:
Exploring the basic public service supply quality and its influencing factors in northwest counties is of great significance for promoting the equalization of the basic public service. Taking 194 counties in northwest China as examples, this article analyzed the dynamic evolution characteristics and difference of the basic public service supply quality in northwest counties and explored their influencing factors by the Dagum Gini Coefficient and the spatial Durbin model. Results show that: the basic public service supply quality in northwest counties has steadily increased, from 22.73 in 2005 to 45.28 in 2020, with the overall level of Shaanxi > Gansu > Ningxia > Qinghai, and the spatial distribution pattern has gradually evolved from “high in the east and west, low in the middle” to “high in the east and low in the west, high in the northwest and low in the southwest”. The inter-regional difference was the main source of overall difference, with the largest difference between Shaanxi and Qinghai. At the direct effect level, industrial structure upgrading, fiscal self-sufficiency, urban-rural income ratio, urbanization level, government administrative capacity, and population density had significant promoting influences on the supply quality. At the indirect effect level, industrial structure upgrading, fiscal self-sufficiency, economic development level, and population density had positive spillover effects. Therefore, it is recommended to identify the focus of improving supply quality, to pay attention to the adequacy of the basic public service supply, to attach importance to the coordination of basic public services, and to deeply promote the equalization of basic public services.
Exploring the basic public service supply quality and its influencing factors in northwest counties is of great significance for promoting the equalization of the basic public service. Taking 194 counties in northwest China as examples, this article analyzed the dynamic evolution characteristics and difference of the basic public service supply quality in northwest counties and explored their influencing factors by the Dagum Gini Coefficient and the spatial Durbin model. Results show that: the basic public service supply quality in northwest counties has steadily increased, from 22.73 in 2005 to 45.28 in 2020, with the overall level of Shaanxi > Gansu > Ningxia > Qinghai, and the spatial distribution pattern has gradually evolved from “high in the east and west, low in the middle” to “high in the east and low in the west, high in the northwest and low in the southwest”. The inter-regional difference was the main source of overall difference, with the largest difference between Shaanxi and Qinghai. At the direct effect level, industrial structure upgrading, fiscal self-sufficiency, urban-rural income ratio, urbanization level, government administrative capacity, and population density had significant promoting influences on the supply quality. At the indirect effect level, industrial structure upgrading, fiscal self-sufficiency, economic development level, and population density had positive spillover effects. Therefore, it is recommended to identify the focus of improving supply quality, to pay attention to the adequacy of the basic public service supply, to attach importance to the coordination of basic public services, and to deeply promote the equalization of basic public services.
2023,44(5):809-821, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0086
Abstract:
Realizing the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas is the key to solidly promoting the common prosperity of all the people. The construction of digital villages plays a crucial role in bridging the urban-rural income gap and advancing the shared prosperity of farmers and rural communities. This study utilizes panel data encompassing 30 provinces, districts, and cities in China from 2011 to 2021. Employing the spatial Durbin model and partial differential decomposition method, the study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital rural development on the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas, as well as examines the magnitude, extent, and pathways of spatial spillover effects. The results indicate that the overall level of digital rural construction and common prosperity among farmers and rural areas in China has been continuously improving from 2011 to 2021, but there is a clear spatial difference characteristic of “high in the east, low in the middle and west”. The common prosperity of farmers and rural areas has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, primarily characterized by two clustering patterns: “high-high” and “low-low”. The construction of digital rural areas has a positive impact on enhancing the shared prosperity of farmers and rural regions. It not only contributes to local shared prosperity but also exerts a positive or even more substantial influence on surrounding regions. Furthermore, the influence of digital rural development on the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas demonstrates regional disparities, with stronger spatial spillover effects in the eastern region compared to the central and western regions. Additional research reveals that the spatial spillover effects of digital rural development on the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas display a declining pattern. A dense concentration of spatial spillover effects is observed within 400 km, with the boundary of spatial spillover effects extending to 900 km. Consequently, this study offers recommendations to address the issue of imbalanced development in the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas, emphasizing the importance of tailoring strategies to local circumstances and removing barriers to the dissemination of digital information between regions.
Realizing the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas is the key to solidly promoting the common prosperity of all the people. The construction of digital villages plays a crucial role in bridging the urban-rural income gap and advancing the shared prosperity of farmers and rural communities. This study utilizes panel data encompassing 30 provinces, districts, and cities in China from 2011 to 2021. Employing the spatial Durbin model and partial differential decomposition method, the study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital rural development on the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas, as well as examines the magnitude, extent, and pathways of spatial spillover effects. The results indicate that the overall level of digital rural construction and common prosperity among farmers and rural areas in China has been continuously improving from 2011 to 2021, but there is a clear spatial difference characteristic of “high in the east, low in the middle and west”. The common prosperity of farmers and rural areas has significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, primarily characterized by two clustering patterns: “high-high” and “low-low”. The construction of digital rural areas has a positive impact on enhancing the shared prosperity of farmers and rural regions. It not only contributes to local shared prosperity but also exerts a positive or even more substantial influence on surrounding regions. Furthermore, the influence of digital rural development on the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas demonstrates regional disparities, with stronger spatial spillover effects in the eastern region compared to the central and western regions. Additional research reveals that the spatial spillover effects of digital rural development on the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas display a declining pattern. A dense concentration of spatial spillover effects is observed within 400 km, with the boundary of spatial spillover effects extending to 900 km. Consequently, this study offers recommendations to address the issue of imbalanced development in the shared prosperity of farmers and rural areas, emphasizing the importance of tailoring strategies to local circumstances and removing barriers to the dissemination of digital information between regions.
2023,44(5):822-833, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0084
Abstract:
Promoting the coordinated development of regional economies and solving the "dual structure" issue in urban and rural economic development have always been core issues of the "common prosperity" strategy. This study focuses on the integration of rural industries with the goal of narrowing the urban-rural income gap. It takes data from 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research subjects and uses the Spatial Durbin Model with double fixed effects to analyze the impact pathways of rural industry integration on increasing farmers"" income and reducing the urban-rural income gap. The results show that rural industry integration, with internal indicators such as integration within agriculture, extension of the agricultural industry chain, expansion of agricultural functions, and high-tech penetration, plays a positive role in narrowing the urban-rural income gap. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that the development maturity of central city clusters in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is closely related to the impact of rural industry integration on the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, different regions need to clearly understand the stage of economic development in the process of using industry integration to narrow the income gap. By focusing on improving the industrial system and formulating corresponding policies according to local conditions, regions can achieve coordinated development and realize common prosperity.
Promoting the coordinated development of regional economies and solving the "dual structure" issue in urban and rural economic development have always been core issues of the "common prosperity" strategy. This study focuses on the integration of rural industries with the goal of narrowing the urban-rural income gap. It takes data from 110 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as research subjects and uses the Spatial Durbin Model with double fixed effects to analyze the impact pathways of rural industry integration on increasing farmers"" income and reducing the urban-rural income gap. The results show that rural industry integration, with internal indicators such as integration within agriculture, extension of the agricultural industry chain, expansion of agricultural functions, and high-tech penetration, plays a positive role in narrowing the urban-rural income gap. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that the development maturity of central city clusters in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin is closely related to the impact of rural industry integration on the urban-rural income gap. Therefore, different regions need to clearly understand the stage of economic development in the process of using industry integration to narrow the income gap. By focusing on improving the industrial system and formulating corresponding policies according to local conditions, regions can achieve coordinated development and realize common prosperity.
2023,44(5):834-844, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0089
Abstract:
Implementing conservation tillage is an effective way to promote the transformation of agricultural development mode, which provides a good technical support for the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. While the straw returning to field technology is one of the higher conversion rate technologies of conservation tillage. Therefore, based on China’s provincial panel data from 2000 to 2020, this paper examines the impact of straw returning to field technology on fertilizer pollution emission intensity by the two-way fixed effect model. Results show that: 1) The increase of the application rate of the straw returning to field technology can reduce fertilizer pollution emission intensity significantly, and there is a lag in the reduction effect of fertilizer non-point source pollution. The analysis result remains robust through a series of methods, including replacing the dependent variables and using instrumental variable methods; 2) The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the impacts of the application of the straw returning to field technology on fertilizer non-point source pollution are different between the major grain-producing areas and the non-major grain producing areas, and only the application of the straw returning to field technology in major grain producing areas has positive impacts on reducing fertilizer non-point source pollution; and 3) From the perspective of the influencing mechanism, the application of the straw returning to field technology reduces fertilizer non-point source pollution mainly through reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity and optimizing the input structure of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, this paper suggests providing a strong policy support for the application of the straw returning to field technology, promoting the application rate of technology, and giving a full play to the environmental benefits of the straw returning to field technology.
Implementing conservation tillage is an effective way to promote the transformation of agricultural development mode, which provides a good technical support for the treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. While the straw returning to field technology is one of the higher conversion rate technologies of conservation tillage. Therefore, based on China’s provincial panel data from 2000 to 2020, this paper examines the impact of straw returning to field technology on fertilizer pollution emission intensity by the two-way fixed effect model. Results show that: 1) The increase of the application rate of the straw returning to field technology can reduce fertilizer pollution emission intensity significantly, and there is a lag in the reduction effect of fertilizer non-point source pollution. The analysis result remains robust through a series of methods, including replacing the dependent variables and using instrumental variable methods; 2) The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the impacts of the application of the straw returning to field technology on fertilizer non-point source pollution are different between the major grain-producing areas and the non-major grain producing areas, and only the application of the straw returning to field technology in major grain producing areas has positive impacts on reducing fertilizer non-point source pollution; and 3) From the perspective of the influencing mechanism, the application of the straw returning to field technology reduces fertilizer non-point source pollution mainly through reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application intensity and optimizing the input structure of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, this paper suggests providing a strong policy support for the application of the straw returning to field technology, promoting the application rate of technology, and giving a full play to the environmental benefits of the straw returning to field technology.
2023,44(5):845-857, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0074
Abstract:
Analyzing various risks perceived by land-lost farmers and profoundly revealing the impacts of risk attitudes and institutional trust on risk perception are of reference significance for the government’s land acquisition and resettlement work. This article constructs a risk perception evaluation system based on a questionnaire survey of land-lost farmers in Shanghai, Jiangxi, and Guangxi that measures the risk perception and attitude of land-lost farmers. The ordered logit model is used to analyze the impact of risk attitude and institutional trust on land-lost farmers’ social security risk perception, economic income risk perception, residential environment risk perception, and psychosocial risk perception. The study found that the risk attitude of land-lost farmers has a significant positive impact on the four types of risk perception, among which risk-averse land-lost farmers have a higher degree of risk perception; however, institutional trust can effectively reduce risk perception. The heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that risk aversion has a strong effect on the risk perception of land-lost farmers in the middle and low-income groups and the midwest region. Institutional trust can inhibit the risk perception of land-lost farmers in high-income groups and the eastern region. In order to promote land acquisition work and protect the interests of land-lost farmers, it is necessary to relieve farmers’ risk aversion attitudes, enhance institutional trust, and reduce and effectively control the risks of land-lost farmers.
Analyzing various risks perceived by land-lost farmers and profoundly revealing the impacts of risk attitudes and institutional trust on risk perception are of reference significance for the government’s land acquisition and resettlement work. This article constructs a risk perception evaluation system based on a questionnaire survey of land-lost farmers in Shanghai, Jiangxi, and Guangxi that measures the risk perception and attitude of land-lost farmers. The ordered logit model is used to analyze the impact of risk attitude and institutional trust on land-lost farmers’ social security risk perception, economic income risk perception, residential environment risk perception, and psychosocial risk perception. The study found that the risk attitude of land-lost farmers has a significant positive impact on the four types of risk perception, among which risk-averse land-lost farmers have a higher degree of risk perception; however, institutional trust can effectively reduce risk perception. The heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that risk aversion has a strong effect on the risk perception of land-lost farmers in the middle and low-income groups and the midwest region. Institutional trust can inhibit the risk perception of land-lost farmers in high-income groups and the eastern region. In order to promote land acquisition work and protect the interests of land-lost farmers, it is necessary to relieve farmers’ risk aversion attitudes, enhance institutional trust, and reduce and effectively control the risks of land-lost farmers.
2023,44(5):858-868, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0076
Abstract:
Revealing the spatial pattern and influencing factors of cultivated land fragmentation in typical counties in the northeast black soil region can provide a basis for high-standard farmland construction, three-round land contracting and black land protection in the black soil region. Taking Baiquan County as the research area, this paper calculated the weight of each index and the comprehensive evaluation value of cultivated land fragmentation by the entropy method, and examined the effect intensity of each influencing factor by the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis method. Results showed that: 1) the cultivated land fragmentation was deeply affected by the topography. The cultivated land fragmentation level was the highest in the border area of hills and plain, followed by hilly area and plain area. Cultivated land ownership fragmentation was affected by land subcontracting and the average cultivated land area per household; 2) in the cultivated land fragmentation mode, "low degree of landscape fragmentation-low degree of ownership fragmentation" and "low degree of landscape fragmentation-medium degree of ownership fragmentation" were dominant, accounting for 33.33% and 17.20%, respectively; and 3) the main influencing factors of cultivated land fragmentation included ownership, facility, and natural cutting forces. Ownership cutting force showed a high negative correlation, while facility and natural cutting forces showed moderate positive correlations, with correlation coefficients of -0.775, 0.617 and 0.661, respectively. Ownership cutting force had the greatest influence. The spatial differentiation of cultivated land fragmentation in Baiquan County was obvious. Therefore, this paper suggests exploring countermeasures of cultivated land fragmentation in the northeast black soil area from the dual perspectives of landscape and ownership to provide reference for promoting agricultural modernization and formulating the third round of cultivated land contracting policy.
Revealing the spatial pattern and influencing factors of cultivated land fragmentation in typical counties in the northeast black soil region can provide a basis for high-standard farmland construction, three-round land contracting and black land protection in the black soil region. Taking Baiquan County as the research area, this paper calculated the weight of each index and the comprehensive evaluation value of cultivated land fragmentation by the entropy method, and examined the effect intensity of each influencing factor by the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis method. Results showed that: 1) the cultivated land fragmentation was deeply affected by the topography. The cultivated land fragmentation level was the highest in the border area of hills and plain, followed by hilly area and plain area. Cultivated land ownership fragmentation was affected by land subcontracting and the average cultivated land area per household; 2) in the cultivated land fragmentation mode, "low degree of landscape fragmentation-low degree of ownership fragmentation" and "low degree of landscape fragmentation-medium degree of ownership fragmentation" were dominant, accounting for 33.33% and 17.20%, respectively; and 3) the main influencing factors of cultivated land fragmentation included ownership, facility, and natural cutting forces. Ownership cutting force showed a high negative correlation, while facility and natural cutting forces showed moderate positive correlations, with correlation coefficients of -0.775, 0.617 and 0.661, respectively. Ownership cutting force had the greatest influence. The spatial differentiation of cultivated land fragmentation in Baiquan County was obvious. Therefore, this paper suggests exploring countermeasures of cultivated land fragmentation in the northeast black soil area from the dual perspectives of landscape and ownership to provide reference for promoting agricultural modernization and formulating the third round of cultivated land contracting policy.
2023,44(5):869-880, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0083
Abstract:
Mountainous county areas are pivotal in the rural revitalization process, playing a vital role. Investigating the spatial structure and accessibility of tourism resources in representative mountainous counties is of paramount importance. This study significantly contributes to the promotion of tourism resource spatial restructuring and the rejuvenation of scenic mountain villages. In this study, we employed various analytical tools, including the nearest neighbour index, kernel density analysis, and ESDA spatial correlation, to assess the spatial distribution characteristics, density, and structure of tourism resources in Luanchuan County, a typical mountainous region within Henan Province. Additionally, we evaluated tourism resource accessibility through buffer analysis, raster calculations, and network analysis. The study findings reveal the following results: 1) Tourism resources in Luanchuan County are unevenly distributed and exhibit significant spatial clustering; 2) The results of the road network buffer analysis indicate a high level of coordination between the transportation road network and tourism resources, with tourism resources accounting for 88.54% within the road network buffer zones; 3) Overall accessibility to tourism resources in Luanchuan County is favourable, with the majority accessible within 1.5 hours and 92.68% within 1 hour. These findings strongly support the development of evidence-based policies for the tourism industry in Luanchuan County.
Mountainous county areas are pivotal in the rural revitalization process, playing a vital role. Investigating the spatial structure and accessibility of tourism resources in representative mountainous counties is of paramount importance. This study significantly contributes to the promotion of tourism resource spatial restructuring and the rejuvenation of scenic mountain villages. In this study, we employed various analytical tools, including the nearest neighbour index, kernel density analysis, and ESDA spatial correlation, to assess the spatial distribution characteristics, density, and structure of tourism resources in Luanchuan County, a typical mountainous region within Henan Province. Additionally, we evaluated tourism resource accessibility through buffer analysis, raster calculations, and network analysis. The study findings reveal the following results: 1) Tourism resources in Luanchuan County are unevenly distributed and exhibit significant spatial clustering; 2) The results of the road network buffer analysis indicate a high level of coordination between the transportation road network and tourism resources, with tourism resources accounting for 88.54% within the road network buffer zones; 3) Overall accessibility to tourism resources in Luanchuan County is favourable, with the majority accessible within 1.5 hours and 92.68% within 1 hour. These findings strongly support the development of evidence-based policies for the tourism industry in Luanchuan County.
2023,44(5):881-891, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0075
Abstract:
Henan Province faces numerous challenges, including a delicate ecological environment, limited ecological carrying capacity, and a substantial carbon emission foundation, all of which significantly impede the successful execution of the dual carbon strategy. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the influence of land use changes on the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions in Henan Province. Additionally, it seeks to furnish the government with a scientific foundation for crafting models of low-carbon land use and implementing tailored policies for reducing carbon emissions. Utilizing land use and energy consumption data spanning from 2000 to 2020 in Henan Province, in conjunction with the land use carbon emission methodology and ArcGIS technology, this research quantifies both the spatial and temporal carbon emission patterns within the province. Furthermore, it employs the geographic detector method to analyze the factors contributing to the spatial disparities in land use-related carbon emissions in Henan Province. The findings indicated that construction land and arable land constitute the primary carbon sources in Henan Province, while forest land serves as the predominant carbon sink, responsible for absorbing more than 90% of the total carbon sequestration. In general, carbon emissions in Henan Province exhibited a pattern of rapid expansion followed by gradual reduction. Specifically, emissions increased from 33.67 million metric tonnes in 2000 to 73.37 million metric tonnes in 2010, marking a growth rate of 118%. Subsequently, from 2010 to 2020, emissions decreased by 5.247 million metric tonnes, representing a decline rate of 7%. The study revealed noteworthy disparities in carbon emission levels among various cities, an imbalance in carbon budgets and expenditures in certain urban areas, and regional carbon absorption inadequately offsetting carbon emissions. Moreover, the results of the impact analysis indicated that the level of urbanization, population size, and the proportion of construction land had a substantial influence on carbon emissions from 2000 to 2020. Notably, the q value related to construction land witnessed the most significant increase, and the q value associated with population size reached its peak in 2020, both exerting substantial influence on carbon emissions within Henan Province. In order to move towards low-carbon land use and make good policies in Henan Province, it is very important to look into how changes in land use affect carbon emissions and the patterns of those emissions, as well as to figure out what causes those patterns.
Henan Province faces numerous challenges, including a delicate ecological environment, limited ecological carrying capacity, and a substantial carbon emission foundation, all of which significantly impede the successful execution of the dual carbon strategy. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the influence of land use changes on the spatiotemporal distribution of carbon emissions in Henan Province. Additionally, it seeks to furnish the government with a scientific foundation for crafting models of low-carbon land use and implementing tailored policies for reducing carbon emissions. Utilizing land use and energy consumption data spanning from 2000 to 2020 in Henan Province, in conjunction with the land use carbon emission methodology and ArcGIS technology, this research quantifies both the spatial and temporal carbon emission patterns within the province. Furthermore, it employs the geographic detector method to analyze the factors contributing to the spatial disparities in land use-related carbon emissions in Henan Province. The findings indicated that construction land and arable land constitute the primary carbon sources in Henan Province, while forest land serves as the predominant carbon sink, responsible for absorbing more than 90% of the total carbon sequestration. In general, carbon emissions in Henan Province exhibited a pattern of rapid expansion followed by gradual reduction. Specifically, emissions increased from 33.67 million metric tonnes in 2000 to 73.37 million metric tonnes in 2010, marking a growth rate of 118%. Subsequently, from 2010 to 2020, emissions decreased by 5.247 million metric tonnes, representing a decline rate of 7%. The study revealed noteworthy disparities in carbon emission levels among various cities, an imbalance in carbon budgets and expenditures in certain urban areas, and regional carbon absorption inadequately offsetting carbon emissions. Moreover, the results of the impact analysis indicated that the level of urbanization, population size, and the proportion of construction land had a substantial influence on carbon emissions from 2000 to 2020. Notably, the q value related to construction land witnessed the most significant increase, and the q value associated with population size reached its peak in 2020, both exerting substantial influence on carbon emissions within Henan Province. In order to move towards low-carbon land use and make good policies in Henan Province, it is very important to look into how changes in land use affect carbon emissions and the patterns of those emissions, as well as to figure out what causes those patterns.
2023,44(5):892-902, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0087
Abstract:
Environmental monitoring using smartphones for parameter inversion is gaining increasingly popular, partic-ularly in the field of optical active parameter inversion using visible light reflectance. This paper utilized smartphones to capture water images using polarizers, mobile phone telescopes, filters of different specifica-tions, and 24-color standard color cards. Through stepwise regression and artificial neural network methods, we performed inverse monitoring of optical parameters (chlorophyll and turbidity) and non-optical parameters (DOC) in small water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta region. The results showed that the DOC concentra-tion ranged from 2.73 to 16.90 mg/L, turbidity ranged from 6.53 to 91.10 NTU, and chlorophyll concentra-tion ranged from 0.36 to 245.47 μg/L. Stepwise regression identified five image feature parameters of DOC concentration: R1’, B/G2’, R2”, R4”, B/G6’. Turbidity image feature parameters were B/R3’, G5", R6", and chlorophyll a were B/G1’, R2", B/G4’. Combined with the artificial neural network model, the water quality parameters were successfully inverted, with NSE values of 0.62 for DOC concentration, 0.65 for turbidity, and 0.67 for chlorophyll, indicating high inversion accuracy. This study established a method for inverting water quality optical parameters using smartphones and explored the feasibility of inverting non-optical pa-rameters, providing a foundation for the development of smartphone applications and the inversion of water quality parameters.
Environmental monitoring using smartphones for parameter inversion is gaining increasingly popular, partic-ularly in the field of optical active parameter inversion using visible light reflectance. This paper utilized smartphones to capture water images using polarizers, mobile phone telescopes, filters of different specifica-tions, and 24-color standard color cards. Through stepwise regression and artificial neural network methods, we performed inverse monitoring of optical parameters (chlorophyll and turbidity) and non-optical parameters (DOC) in small water bodies in the Yangtze River Delta region. The results showed that the DOC concentra-tion ranged from 2.73 to 16.90 mg/L, turbidity ranged from 6.53 to 91.10 NTU, and chlorophyll concentra-tion ranged from 0.36 to 245.47 μg/L. Stepwise regression identified five image feature parameters of DOC concentration: R1’, B/G2’, R2”, R4”, B/G6’. Turbidity image feature parameters were B/R3’, G5", R6", and chlorophyll a were B/G1’, R2", B/G4’. Combined with the artificial neural network model, the water quality parameters were successfully inverted, with NSE values of 0.62 for DOC concentration, 0.65 for turbidity, and 0.67 for chlorophyll, indicating high inversion accuracy. This study established a method for inverting water quality optical parameters using smartphones and explored the feasibility of inverting non-optical pa-rameters, providing a foundation for the development of smartphone applications and the inversion of water quality parameters.
2023,44(5):903-911, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0085
Abstract:
Biochar-based fertilizer can improve and fertilize soil, which is important for promoting agricultural production. However, the response of soil nutrients and enzyme activities to biochar-based fertilizer at different growth stages of drip irrigation corn in arid areas is still unclear. Based on this, this experiment was set up in a one-way randomized block design with five treatments of biochar-based fertilizer: T1 (1 125 kg/hm2), T2 (1 031 kg/hm2), T3 (900 kg/hm2), T4 (788 kg/hm2), and CK (common chemical fertilizer). The influence of biomass-based fertilizer on soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in the 0~20 cm tillage layer was analyzed at different growth periods for maize. The results showed that soil nutrients and enzyme activity show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the maize growth period, and nutrient release characteristics are consistent with the fertilizer requirements of maize growth. application amount of biochar-based fertilizer in T1 and T2 treatments can significantly improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities in arid areas. Low application of biochar-based fertilizer can reduce the content of total nitrogen and available nutrients in the soil and inhibit the activities of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and invertase in individual growth stages of the soil. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the overall fertility of each treatment was T2>T1>T3>CK>T4. In summary, the comprehensive fertilization effect of the application rate of 1 013 to 1 125 kg/hm2 is better than that of chemical fertilizers, significantly promoting the increase of soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, and improving soil fertility.
Biochar-based fertilizer can improve and fertilize soil, which is important for promoting agricultural production. However, the response of soil nutrients and enzyme activities to biochar-based fertilizer at different growth stages of drip irrigation corn in arid areas is still unclear. Based on this, this experiment was set up in a one-way randomized block design with five treatments of biochar-based fertilizer: T1 (1 125 kg/hm2), T2 (1 031 kg/hm2), T3 (900 kg/hm2), T4 (788 kg/hm2), and CK (common chemical fertilizer). The influence of biomass-based fertilizer on soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in the 0~20 cm tillage layer was analyzed at different growth periods for maize. The results showed that soil nutrients and enzyme activity show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the maize growth period, and nutrient release characteristics are consistent with the fertilizer requirements of maize growth. application amount of biochar-based fertilizer in T1 and T2 treatments can significantly improve soil nutrients and enzyme activities in arid areas. Low application of biochar-based fertilizer can reduce the content of total nitrogen and available nutrients in the soil and inhibit the activities of alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and invertase in individual growth stages of the soil. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the overall fertility of each treatment was T2>T1>T3>CK>T4. In summary, the comprehensive fertilization effect of the application rate of 1 013 to 1 125 kg/hm2 is better than that of chemical fertilizers, significantly promoting the increase of soil nutrient contents, enzyme activities, and improving soil fertility.
Effects of oxytetracycline contaminated organic fertilizer on soil bacterial diversity and structure
2023,44(5):912-921, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0081
Abstract:
Oxytetracycline, as a commonly used growth-promoting antibiotic in the livestock breeding industry, is prone to residue in the manure, which poses a potential threat to the reproduction of soil microorganisms and crop growth when returned to the field. Most previous studies have set high concentration gradients, resulting in their limited application. Based on this, this article proposes to study the impact of actual antibiotic residues on bacterial community diversity to provide a theoretical basis for the safe application of organic fertilizers. In this study, the addition of oxytetracycline was set at 0.2 mg·kg-1, and high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze bacterial community composition, structural changes, and types of significant enriched species. The results showed that the addition of oxytetracycline increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with a range from 1.1% to 5.0%; it also reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes, with a range below 2.0%. Compared to the control group (CK), Thermoactinomycetaceae were significantly enriched in the oxytetracycline group (OCK). Over time, oxytetracycline changed the structure of the bacterial community. This study proved that 0.2 mg·kg-1 oxytetracycline can alter the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities and cause differences in community structure, leading to significant enrichment of Thermoactinomycetaceae in soil. Therefore, this study can provide inspiration for finding microorganisms that are effective against antibiotic pollution and lay the foundation for the safe application of organic fertilizers.
Oxytetracycline, as a commonly used growth-promoting antibiotic in the livestock breeding industry, is prone to residue in the manure, which poses a potential threat to the reproduction of soil microorganisms and crop growth when returned to the field. Most previous studies have set high concentration gradients, resulting in their limited application. Based on this, this article proposes to study the impact of actual antibiotic residues on bacterial community diversity to provide a theoretical basis for the safe application of organic fertilizers. In this study, the addition of oxytetracycline was set at 0.2 mg·kg-1, and high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze bacterial community composition, structural changes, and types of significant enriched species. The results showed that the addition of oxytetracycline increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with a range from 1.1% to 5.0%; it also reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidetes, with a range below 2.0%. Compared to the control group (CK), Thermoactinomycetaceae were significantly enriched in the oxytetracycline group (OCK). Over time, oxytetracycline changed the structure of the bacterial community. This study proved that 0.2 mg·kg-1 oxytetracycline can alter the relative abundance of soil bacterial communities and cause differences in community structure, leading to significant enrichment of Thermoactinomycetaceae in soil. Therefore, this study can provide inspiration for finding microorganisms that are effective against antibiotic pollution and lay the foundation for the safe application of organic fertilizers.
2023,44(5):922-932, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0077
Abstract:
In order to study the effect of tea residue biochar on the nitrogen adsorption-desorption characteristics of acidic soil in tea gardens, tea residue biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures (400 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃) and application ratios (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) were added into a tea garden soil. An incubation and an isothermal absorption and desorption experiment were carried out with the amended soils to study the improvement of biochar addition on soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen adsorption-desorption availability. Results showed that: soil pH, soil organic matter, base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca2+ and exchangeable Mg2+ contents significantly increased with the increase of biochar amendment, and soil pH, organic carbon, and salt-based ion gradually increased as the pyrolysis temperature of biochar increased. Tea residue biochar had obvious adsorption effect on soil NH4+-N with an adsorption isotherm well fitted by Langmuir equation (R2=0.968~0.987). The adsorption capacity of NH4+-N by the treated soils increased with the increase of NH4+-N concentration in the adsorption solution, while the equilibrium distribution coefficient decreased. The adsorption and distribution coefficient (Kd) of NH4+-N in treated soils gradually increased with the increase of biochar amendment, but it gradually decreased as the biochar pyrolysis temperature increased. The desorption of NH4+-N in treated soils decreased as follows: 0.25%>1%>0.5%>2% biochar addition. As the biochar pyrolysis temperature increased, desorption of ammonia nitrogen elevated in all treatments. The adsorption capacity of soil for NH4+-N was significantly and positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic matter, exchangeable K+, exchangeable Ca2+, and BS (P<0.05). The desorption ability of soil for NH4+-N was opposite. In conclusion, in practical application, the addition ratio and preparation temperature of tea residue biochar should be optimized according to the purpose of soil improvement to achieve the best effect, which is of great significance for soil fertility conservation and improving the utilization rate of soil nutrients.
In order to study the effect of tea residue biochar on the nitrogen adsorption-desorption characteristics of acidic soil in tea gardens, tea residue biochar with different pyrolysis temperatures (400 ℃, 500 ℃, 600 ℃) and application ratios (0.25%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) were added into a tea garden soil. An incubation and an isothermal absorption and desorption experiment were carried out with the amended soils to study the improvement of biochar addition on soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen adsorption-desorption availability. Results showed that: soil pH, soil organic matter, base saturation (BS), cation exchange capacity, exchangeable Ca2+ and exchangeable Mg2+ contents significantly increased with the increase of biochar amendment, and soil pH, organic carbon, and salt-based ion gradually increased as the pyrolysis temperature of biochar increased. Tea residue biochar had obvious adsorption effect on soil NH4+-N with an adsorption isotherm well fitted by Langmuir equation (R2=0.968~0.987). The adsorption capacity of NH4+-N by the treated soils increased with the increase of NH4+-N concentration in the adsorption solution, while the equilibrium distribution coefficient decreased. The adsorption and distribution coefficient (Kd) of NH4+-N in treated soils gradually increased with the increase of biochar amendment, but it gradually decreased as the biochar pyrolysis temperature increased. The desorption of NH4+-N in treated soils decreased as follows: 0.25%>1%>0.5%>2% biochar addition. As the biochar pyrolysis temperature increased, desorption of ammonia nitrogen elevated in all treatments. The adsorption capacity of soil for NH4+-N was significantly and positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic matter, exchangeable K+, exchangeable Ca2+, and BS (P<0.05). The desorption ability of soil for NH4+-N was opposite. In conclusion, in practical application, the addition ratio and preparation temperature of tea residue biochar should be optimized according to the purpose of soil improvement to achieve the best effect, which is of great significance for soil fertility conservation and improving the utilization rate of soil nutrients.
YU Zhan, OUYANG Ning-xiang, SHENG Hao, ZHOU Qing, ZHANG Liang, YUAN Hong, NIE San-an, ZHANG Yang-zhu
2023,44(5):933-942, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2023.0088
Abstract:
The characteristics of iron fractions and their differentiation in stagnic anthrosols (paddy soil) are important parameters for understanding the distribution and behavior of key elements in rice fields. This paper analyzed the iron fractions and their differentiation characteristics along 30 typical profiles (0~100 cm) at the group category level of stagnic anthrosols derived from the granite (GR), plate and shale (PS), Quaternary red clay (QRC), limestone (LS), purple sandy shale (PSS), and fluvial-lacustrine deposit (FLD) in Hunan Province. Based on classified the stagnic anthrosols according to the standards of Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Result showed to retrieve three soil groups of the hapli-stagnic anthrosols (HSA), Fe-accumulation-stagnic anthrosols (FSA), and gleyi-stagnic anthrosols (GSA), but the group of Fe-leachi-stagnic anthrosols was not observed. The mean content of total iron (Fet) in soil profile of stagnic anthrosols in Hunan Province is 44.66 g/kg. The mean content of iron with different fractions are as follows: crystalline iron (Fec) > silicate iron (Fesi) > active iron (Feo) > organic-bounded iron (Fep). Moreover, Fec shows an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline in the profiles, but Feo and Fep indicate an initial decline followed by an upward trend. However, there is no obvious change for Fesi. The mean content of Fec in soil derived from the PS, QRC and LS, the mean content of Feo in FLD, and the mean content of Fep in soil derived from the GR were higher than those from other parent materials, respectively. The illuvial coefficients of soils derived from the GR, PS, and QRC were higher than soils derived from the LS, PSS, and FLD. The mean content of Fec and illuvial coefficient of FSA, and the mean content of Fep in GSA were higher than those of other soil groups, respectively. This research indicated that iron fractions in stagnic anthrosols developed from 6 parent materials in Hunan Province are obviously different, and exhibit significant differentiation between profiles, parent materials, and soil groups. The characteristics of iron fractions and profile differentiation could reflect the soil development levels and soil-forming environments, and have indicative function for the genetic characteristics and Chinese Soil Taxonomy of stagnic anthrosols.
The characteristics of iron fractions and their differentiation in stagnic anthrosols (paddy soil) are important parameters for understanding the distribution and behavior of key elements in rice fields. This paper analyzed the iron fractions and their differentiation characteristics along 30 typical profiles (0~100 cm) at the group category level of stagnic anthrosols derived from the granite (GR), plate and shale (PS), Quaternary red clay (QRC), limestone (LS), purple sandy shale (PSS), and fluvial-lacustrine deposit (FLD) in Hunan Province. Based on classified the stagnic anthrosols according to the standards of Chinese Soil Taxonomy, Result showed to retrieve three soil groups of the hapli-stagnic anthrosols (HSA), Fe-accumulation-stagnic anthrosols (FSA), and gleyi-stagnic anthrosols (GSA), but the group of Fe-leachi-stagnic anthrosols was not observed. The mean content of total iron (Fet) in soil profile of stagnic anthrosols in Hunan Province is 44.66 g/kg. The mean content of iron with different fractions are as follows: crystalline iron (Fec) > silicate iron (Fesi) > active iron (Feo) > organic-bounded iron (Fep). Moreover, Fec shows an initial increase followed by a subsequent decline in the profiles, but Feo and Fep indicate an initial decline followed by an upward trend. However, there is no obvious change for Fesi. The mean content of Fec in soil derived from the PS, QRC and LS, the mean content of Feo in FLD, and the mean content of Fep in soil derived from the GR were higher than those from other parent materials, respectively. The illuvial coefficients of soils derived from the GR, PS, and QRC were higher than soils derived from the LS, PSS, and FLD. The mean content of Fec and illuvial coefficient of FSA, and the mean content of Fep in GSA were higher than those of other soil groups, respectively. This research indicated that iron fractions in stagnic anthrosols developed from 6 parent materials in Hunan Province are obviously different, and exhibit significant differentiation between profiles, parent materials, and soil groups. The characteristics of iron fractions and profile differentiation could reflect the soil development levels and soil-forming environments, and have indicative function for the genetic characteristics and Chinese Soil Taxonomy of stagnic anthrosols.
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Abstract:
The fluctuation of the small-scale agricultural products price has a great impact on the development of agricultural economy and the improvement of people's living standard. The paper summarizes the causes of price fluctuating of the small-scale agricultural products and brings forward the question that we should strengthen the construction of small-scale agricultural products market. Some methods and recommendations are proposed to strengthen the construction of small-scale agricultural products market: promoting purchasing market, standardizing wholesale market, discovering futures market, and promoting information, nurturing broker, establishing co-operatives, increasing reserves, enacting transactions act, and so on.
The fluctuation of the small-scale agricultural products price has a great impact on the development of agricultural economy and the improvement of people's living standard. The paper summarizes the causes of price fluctuating of the small-scale agricultural products and brings forward the question that we should strengthen the construction of small-scale agricultural products market. Some methods and recommendations are proposed to strengthen the construction of small-scale agricultural products market: promoting purchasing market, standardizing wholesale market, discovering futures market, and promoting information, nurturing broker, establishing co-operatives, increasing reserves, enacting transactions act, and so on.
Abstract:
This article has analyzed the situation of forestry in Guizhou Province from the perspective of forest resources, forestry ecological, forestry industry and forestry safety supply system, and pointed out the problems on the distribution of forest resources, forestry total production value, industrial structure and the forestry funds investment. Then it proposed the countermeasures for developing the modern forestry on scientific planning forestry layout, developing forestry property energetically and to establish a diversified forestry investment system in Guizhou Province
This article has analyzed the situation of forestry in Guizhou Province from the perspective of forest resources, forestry ecological, forestry industry and forestry safety supply system, and pointed out the problems on the distribution of forest resources, forestry total production value, industrial structure and the forestry funds investment. Then it proposed the countermeasures for developing the modern forestry on scientific planning forestry layout, developing forestry property energetically and to establish a diversified forestry investment system in Guizhou Province
Abstract:
Characteristic agriculture is an important part of modern agricultural development, which can maximize regional advantages, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products and promote regional development of modern agriculture. According to the connotation of characteristic agriculture, the conditions and characteristics of the development of modern agriculture in Fujian Province, it analyzes the path and the effectiveness of modern agricultural development in Fujian Province from the perspective of characteristic agriculture
Characteristic agriculture is an important part of modern agricultural development, which can maximize regional advantages, enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products and promote regional development of modern agriculture. According to the connotation of characteristic agriculture, the conditions and characteristics of the development of modern agriculture in Fujian Province, it analyzes the path and the effectiveness of modern agricultural development in Fujian Province from the perspective of characteristic agriculture
Abstract:
吉林省是我国重要的粮食主产区和商品粮基地,对于保障国家粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。本文分析了吉林省玉米加工业发展与国家粮食安全的辨证关系。认为玉米加工业发展引起粮食供求关系的新变化,改变粮食生产与流通格局,但是其对农业增效、农民增收和粮食增产具有积极影响。由于玉米加工业自身特点和粮食消费结构的限制,以及通过政府宏观调控、流通体制改革与物流体系建设等,吉林省玉米加工业发展对国家中长期粮食安全不会产生较大的影响。构建合理的玉米加工业体系和加强粮食安全基地建设是保证吉林省玉米加工业持续健康发展与增强粮食安全保障能力的重要途径。
吉林省是我国重要的粮食主产区和商品粮基地,对于保障国家粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。本文分析了吉林省玉米加工业发展与国家粮食安全的辨证关系。认为玉米加工业发展引起粮食供求关系的新变化,改变粮食生产与流通格局,但是其对农业增效、农民增收和粮食增产具有积极影响。由于玉米加工业自身特点和粮食消费结构的限制,以及通过政府宏观调控、流通体制改革与物流体系建设等,吉林省玉米加工业发展对国家中长期粮食安全不会产生较大的影响。构建合理的玉米加工业体系和加强粮食安全基地建设是保证吉林省玉米加工业持续健康发展与增强粮食安全保障能力的重要途径。
Abstract:
Using ESDA spatial analysis, this paper researches the spatial pattern evolution and characteristics of per capita net income of farmers in the Yangtze River Delta counties since 1989. The results show that: (1) the absolute difference in per capita net income of farmers is gradually widening, while the relative difference is decreasing with periodic fluctuations; (2)the level of per capita net income of farmers has a strong positive spatial correlation, and the regions with similar income levels have a spatial agglomeration; (3)the growth pattern of per capita net income is proved to be more instable, where its growth hot spots and cold spots switch frequently in their geographical locations, showing the existence of transition phenomenon. Apart from subordinate revenue growth cold spots, trend of spatial concentration enhanced while tendency of random distribution weakened in other growth type areas. Finally, this paper reaches some conclusions and conducts some corresponding discussions. Besides, related suggestions are given to narrow regional differences in Yangtze River Delta counties and promote the regional coordinated development.
Using ESDA spatial analysis, this paper researches the spatial pattern evolution and characteristics of per capita net income of farmers in the Yangtze River Delta counties since 1989. The results show that: (1) the absolute difference in per capita net income of farmers is gradually widening, while the relative difference is decreasing with periodic fluctuations; (2)the level of per capita net income of farmers has a strong positive spatial correlation, and the regions with similar income levels have a spatial agglomeration; (3)the growth pattern of per capita net income is proved to be more instable, where its growth hot spots and cold spots switch frequently in their geographical locations, showing the existence of transition phenomenon. Apart from subordinate revenue growth cold spots, trend of spatial concentration enhanced while tendency of random distribution weakened in other growth type areas. Finally, this paper reaches some conclusions and conducts some corresponding discussions. Besides, related suggestions are given to narrow regional differences in Yangtze River Delta counties and promote the regional coordinated development.
Abstract:
This paper analyzes many of the problems in China's agricultural scientific and technological progress system. It clears the reform direction of agricultural science and technology policy. The measures include that, the agricultural scientific research investment should be between the lower level of developed countries and the higher level of developing countries, the agricultural scientific research should be unified management by department of agriculture, the agricultural research project will be taken target management of facing the farmers, government needs cooperation with the universities to build the agricultural science and technology promotion system. It guids the agricultural scientific research institutions and universities to set up the marketing company to promote agricultural science and technology. On the basis of respect for the wishes of farmers, with administrative villages as the unit set up the public land transfer market.According to farmers' operating conditions, adopt different types of industrialization
This paper analyzes many of the problems in China's agricultural scientific and technological progress system. It clears the reform direction of agricultural science and technology policy. The measures include that, the agricultural scientific research investment should be between the lower level of developed countries and the higher level of developing countries, the agricultural scientific research should be unified management by department of agriculture, the agricultural research project will be taken target management of facing the farmers, government needs cooperation with the universities to build the agricultural science and technology promotion system. It guids the agricultural scientific research institutions and universities to set up the marketing company to promote agricultural science and technology. On the basis of respect for the wishes of farmers, with administrative villages as the unit set up the public land transfer market.According to farmers' operating conditions, adopt different types of industrialization
2020,41(2):181-189, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2020.0019
Abstract:
The revitalization of rural talents is the foundation of rural revitalization. In order to deal with the shortage of rural talents, and make sure that rural talents can play the supporting role in rural revitalization, this paper, taking Qingdao City as an example, summarized and analyzed two ways to promote rural revitalization through rural talent revitalization, which include attracting urban talents and cultivating local talents. Results show that from the perspectives of the shortage of agricultural and rural talents, relative low quality level of talents, the lack of attraction of talents in rural areas, under-optimized rural talent cultivation mechanism, and some other problems, Qingdao City adopted the following measures: increasing the number of talents and improving the talent structure through bringing in, sinking and retaining urban talents in rural areas, constructing the attraction system of urban talents and trying to retain them. At the same time, Qingdao City has built a complete system of local talent cultivation network from the aspects of discovering local talents and training and supporting local talents. In conclusion, Qingdao City has set up a mechanism of encouraging and attracting urban talents with prominent focus, comprehensive coverage and perfect measures, and has set up a mechanism of the cultivation of local talent with integration, cooperation and incentives called “the Qingdao experience”, which is enlightening and worth spreading.
The revitalization of rural talents is the foundation of rural revitalization. In order to deal with the shortage of rural talents, and make sure that rural talents can play the supporting role in rural revitalization, this paper, taking Qingdao City as an example, summarized and analyzed two ways to promote rural revitalization through rural talent revitalization, which include attracting urban talents and cultivating local talents. Results show that from the perspectives of the shortage of agricultural and rural talents, relative low quality level of talents, the lack of attraction of talents in rural areas, under-optimized rural talent cultivation mechanism, and some other problems, Qingdao City adopted the following measures: increasing the number of talents and improving the talent structure through bringing in, sinking and retaining urban talents in rural areas, constructing the attraction system of urban talents and trying to retain them. At the same time, Qingdao City has built a complete system of local talent cultivation network from the aspects of discovering local talents and training and supporting local talents. In conclusion, Qingdao City has set up a mechanism of encouraging and attracting urban talents with prominent focus, comprehensive coverage and perfect measures, and has set up a mechanism of the cultivation of local talent with integration, cooperation and incentives called “the Qingdao experience”, which is enlightening and worth spreading.
Abstract:
Based on the research review, the wine industry has been around all round the world, not only limited in developed counties and western countries. Nowadays, wine consumption in China presents the trend of rapid growing, China’s wine industry cluster develops in a higher level; nonetheless this industry is facing some challenges in China. As such, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the status and developing trends of China’s wine industry from the various aspects namely regional planting, yield, market consumption, and the investment. Data and information from current literatures are used to investigate the conditions of China’s wine industry. It was found that numerous problems impede the development of China’s wine industry including lack of overall planning of the construction of exist producing region, imbalance development between eastern and western areas, poor and lag behind of product quality management and pre-maturation of the marketing system. The article eventually points out some developing strategies involving reasonable layout and enhance competitiveness in overall producing area; set up the wine industry chain management; strengthen origin protection, and improve the quality certification system; use the new marketing and promoting model, to spread wine culture and to promote the sustainable development of China’s wine industry.
Based on the research review, the wine industry has been around all round the world, not only limited in developed counties and western countries. Nowadays, wine consumption in China presents the trend of rapid growing, China’s wine industry cluster develops in a higher level; nonetheless this industry is facing some challenges in China. As such, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the status and developing trends of China’s wine industry from the various aspects namely regional planting, yield, market consumption, and the investment. Data and information from current literatures are used to investigate the conditions of China’s wine industry. It was found that numerous problems impede the development of China’s wine industry including lack of overall planning of the construction of exist producing region, imbalance development between eastern and western areas, poor and lag behind of product quality management and pre-maturation of the marketing system. The article eventually points out some developing strategies involving reasonable layout and enhance competitiveness in overall producing area; set up the wine industry chain management; strengthen origin protection, and improve the quality certification system; use the new marketing and promoting model, to spread wine culture and to promote the sustainable development of China’s wine industry.
Abstract:
From the angle of urban and rural aging population inversion phenomenon in China and the challenges brought by it, this paper analyzes the relationship between urbanization and aging population inversion in urban and rural areas in China. In the long term of traditional process of urbanization, population transfer is mainly labor transfer, and the elderly population transfer has been driven by the transfer is limited, thus improve the degree of aging of the rural population and have an impact on the balanced urban and rural development. This population transfer mode is the main reason for the formation of urban and rural aging population inversion. Meanwhile, urban and rural aging population inversion have an impact on urbanization, it not only affects the level and pace of urbanization, but also affects the quality of urbanization. To alleviate this condition, we must take a new urbanizing road, change the urban and rural population transfer mode, and integrate urban and rural social security system.
From the angle of urban and rural aging population inversion phenomenon in China and the challenges brought by it, this paper analyzes the relationship between urbanization and aging population inversion in urban and rural areas in China. In the long term of traditional process of urbanization, population transfer is mainly labor transfer, and the elderly population transfer has been driven by the transfer is limited, thus improve the degree of aging of the rural population and have an impact on the balanced urban and rural development. This population transfer mode is the main reason for the formation of urban and rural aging population inversion. Meanwhile, urban and rural aging population inversion have an impact on urbanization, it not only affects the level and pace of urbanization, but also affects the quality of urbanization. To alleviate this condition, we must take a new urbanizing road, change the urban and rural population transfer mode, and integrate urban and rural social security system.
2014,35(4):385-391, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2014.0019
Abstract:
Using grain production panel data in 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2010, this paper adopts a DEA-based Malmquist productivity index method to measure and decompose grain TFP (Total Factor Productivity) growth index of the nation’s main grain production areas, main grain sales areas, and balancing areas. This paper also analyzes the spatial and temporal disparities and the underlying mechanism of dynamic TFP index. On this basis, it continues to explore TFP and its decomposition value - exogenous influencing factor of technical efficiency index and technical progress index. Our results show that the TFP index of main production areas have realized an average annual increase of 0.28% within 10 years, which has benefited from technical improvement and efficiency enhancement. However, main sales areas have suffered from a duel loss in the technical progress and technical efficiency. As a result, TFP has an average annual decrease of 0.35%. TFP in balancing areas also has an average decrease of 0.69%, influenced by deterioration of technical progress. We also find that the implementation of the central government’s favorable policies to farmers has significant influence on improving grain TFP level in main production areas. However, these policies have a lagging influence on main sales areas and balancing areas. In addition, per capital grain production scale and mechanization level have negative influence on TFP growth in main grain production area, but positive influence on TFP in main grain sales areas. As for the grain production-sales balancing areas, expansion of the per capita production scale can improve the technical efficiency, but has a reverse inhibiting impact on TFP and technical progress. Finally, based on the research results, this paper proposes measures and suggestions to improve grain productivity more effectively.
Using grain production panel data in 30 provinces in China from 2001 to 2010, this paper adopts a DEA-based Malmquist productivity index method to measure and decompose grain TFP (Total Factor Productivity) growth index of the nation’s main grain production areas, main grain sales areas, and balancing areas. This paper also analyzes the spatial and temporal disparities and the underlying mechanism of dynamic TFP index. On this basis, it continues to explore TFP and its decomposition value - exogenous influencing factor of technical efficiency index and technical progress index. Our results show that the TFP index of main production areas have realized an average annual increase of 0.28% within 10 years, which has benefited from technical improvement and efficiency enhancement. However, main sales areas have suffered from a duel loss in the technical progress and technical efficiency. As a result, TFP has an average annual decrease of 0.35%. TFP in balancing areas also has an average decrease of 0.69%, influenced by deterioration of technical progress. We also find that the implementation of the central government’s favorable policies to farmers has significant influence on improving grain TFP level in main production areas. However, these policies have a lagging influence on main sales areas and balancing areas. In addition, per capital grain production scale and mechanization level have negative influence on TFP growth in main grain production area, but positive influence on TFP in main grain sales areas. As for the grain production-sales balancing areas, expansion of the per capita production scale can improve the technical efficiency, but has a reverse inhibiting impact on TFP and technical progress. Finally, based on the research results, this paper proposes measures and suggestions to improve grain productivity more effectively.
2015,36(4):674-679, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2015.0097
Abstract:
Urban development is one of the main factors that affect material circulations and energy flows in ecosystems. Studies on how urban development influences net primary productivity (NPP) are necessary for science-based planning of regional land use. Based on data of land uses and NPP in Wuhan Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2010, the impacts of construction land expansion on NPP in Wuhan Metropolitan Area were assessed. The construction land in Wuhan Metropolitan Area increased by 57.88% (1 459.44 km2) from 2000 to 2010, and the average NPP decreased from 919.55 g C/(m2·a) to 702.95 g C/(m2·a) while total NPP increased from 2 317.66 Gg C/a to 2 797.97 Gg C/a with an increase rate of 20.72%. Among the nine cities in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Wuhan and its surrounding area expanded fastest in their construction land. During the decade, the construction land in Wuhan increased by 80.73%, while the total NPP raised by 30.53%. Since the average NPP in the construction area was reduced by 27.78%, total NPP in Wuhan Metropolitan Area only increased marginally.
Urban development is one of the main factors that affect material circulations and energy flows in ecosystems. Studies on how urban development influences net primary productivity (NPP) are necessary for science-based planning of regional land use. Based on data of land uses and NPP in Wuhan Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2010, the impacts of construction land expansion on NPP in Wuhan Metropolitan Area were assessed. The construction land in Wuhan Metropolitan Area increased by 57.88% (1 459.44 km2) from 2000 to 2010, and the average NPP decreased from 919.55 g C/(m2·a) to 702.95 g C/(m2·a) while total NPP increased from 2 317.66 Gg C/a to 2 797.97 Gg C/a with an increase rate of 20.72%. Among the nine cities in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, Wuhan and its surrounding area expanded fastest in their construction land. During the decade, the construction land in Wuhan increased by 80.73%, while the total NPP raised by 30.53%. Since the average NPP in the construction area was reduced by 27.78%, total NPP in Wuhan Metropolitan Area only increased marginally.
Abstract:
Yulin city is an enrichment region of energy resources, and an extremely vulnerable area as well in China. The energy resources' exploitation and eco-reconstruction has seriously restricted by water resources. Based on fuzzy mathematical and AHP method, it has estimated the water resources intimidation from 2000 to 2005 in Yulin city. The results show that water resource intimidation already approaches to or exceeds the heavy stress degree, and presents an increasing trend. In the basis of the analysis of the industrial structure and its characteristics of water use, the results indicates that agriculture has the biggest proportion in water use, along with the industry scale enlarging and eco-reconstruction, both industrial and ecological water use has been increasing. The interaction mechanism between water resources and society-economy development tells us that: the development of economy has restricted by water resources, which propels the industry to move to the direction of low water demand and high efficiency; impelled by the aridification, agrotype has conversed from crops to grazing and forest; the industry changes to the low water demand and high efficiency types, meanwhile, the industry incomes would help development water-saving agriculture and transform water; the increase of water demand in society and economy produces many eco-environment problems, such as, the excess utilization and declining water level of groundwater.
Yulin city is an enrichment region of energy resources, and an extremely vulnerable area as well in China. The energy resources' exploitation and eco-reconstruction has seriously restricted by water resources. Based on fuzzy mathematical and AHP method, it has estimated the water resources intimidation from 2000 to 2005 in Yulin city. The results show that water resource intimidation already approaches to or exceeds the heavy stress degree, and presents an increasing trend. In the basis of the analysis of the industrial structure and its characteristics of water use, the results indicates that agriculture has the biggest proportion in water use, along with the industry scale enlarging and eco-reconstruction, both industrial and ecological water use has been increasing. The interaction mechanism between water resources and society-economy development tells us that: the development of economy has restricted by water resources, which propels the industry to move to the direction of low water demand and high efficiency; impelled by the aridification, agrotype has conversed from crops to grazing and forest; the industry changes to the low water demand and high efficiency types, meanwhile, the industry incomes would help development water-saving agriculture and transform water; the increase of water demand in society and economy produces many eco-environment problems, such as, the excess utilization and declining water level of groundwater.
Jiao Shi-xing, CHEN Lin-fang, WANG An-zhou, YIN Yi-xing, ZHANG Jian-wei, LI Zhongxuan, ZHAO Rong-qin
2020,41(2):312-320, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2020.0030
Abstract:
From the perspectives of nature, human, and carrying capacity and applying the entropy and linear weighted comprehensive methods, this paper constructed an evaluation system to assess the vulnerability of agricultural water resource in Henan Province from 2001 to 2016. In addition, this paper also examined the main obstacles affecting the vulnerability. Results show that the vulnerability of agricultural water resource in 9 cities in Henan Province decreased from 2001 to 2016, while it increased in the other 9 cities; and the vulnerability growth rate varied significantly. The evolution trend of vulnerability could be divided into four types: increasing first and then decreasing, decreasing first and then increasing, increasing with some fluctuations, and decreasing with some fluctuations. The vulnerability of agricultural water resource in Henan Province illustrated a concentrating characteristic in its spatial distribution with the decreasing order as follows: Northern Henan, Eastern Henan, Southern Henan, Central Henan, and Western Henan. The vulnerability of agricultural water resource in municipalities was mainly affected by human and carrying capacity, and the main obstacle factors were different. In order to achieve the coordinated development of agricultural production and water resource utilization in Henan Province, this paper suggests that human intervention in water resource system should be positively strengthened by increasing investment in agricultural funds, improving the level of farmland water conservancy construction, and promoting agricultural water use efficiency.
From the perspectives of nature, human, and carrying capacity and applying the entropy and linear weighted comprehensive methods, this paper constructed an evaluation system to assess the vulnerability of agricultural water resource in Henan Province from 2001 to 2016. In addition, this paper also examined the main obstacles affecting the vulnerability. Results show that the vulnerability of agricultural water resource in 9 cities in Henan Province decreased from 2001 to 2016, while it increased in the other 9 cities; and the vulnerability growth rate varied significantly. The evolution trend of vulnerability could be divided into four types: increasing first and then decreasing, decreasing first and then increasing, increasing with some fluctuations, and decreasing with some fluctuations. The vulnerability of agricultural water resource in Henan Province illustrated a concentrating characteristic in its spatial distribution with the decreasing order as follows: Northern Henan, Eastern Henan, Southern Henan, Central Henan, and Western Henan. The vulnerability of agricultural water resource in municipalities was mainly affected by human and carrying capacity, and the main obstacle factors were different. In order to achieve the coordinated development of agricultural production and water resource utilization in Henan Province, this paper suggests that human intervention in water resource system should be positively strengthened by increasing investment in agricultural funds, improving the level of farmland water conservancy construction, and promoting agricultural water use efficiency.
Abstract:
本研究采用统计分析与遥感判读相结合的方法,对下辽河平原区典型区域耕地利用变化进行研究。结果表明:耕地是研究区域主要土地利用类型,耕地分布比较集中,总体分布不均衡,其中生态退耕、建设用地占用、灾毁和农业产业结构调整是耕地减少的主要原因,对于林地的开垦、未利用土地开发、居民点及工矿用地和水利设施用地整理是耕地增加的主要来源,但耕地总体是逐年减少的。本文提出要处理好耕地保护与粮食安全、城市发展和生态环境建设之间的关系,具体可以通过提高耕地质量保证粮食安全;通过建立城乡统一的土地市场,协调城市化和耕地减少之间的矛盾;通过合理的生态退耕,协调生态环境建设与耕地保护之间的关系。
本研究采用统计分析与遥感判读相结合的方法,对下辽河平原区典型区域耕地利用变化进行研究。结果表明:耕地是研究区域主要土地利用类型,耕地分布比较集中,总体分布不均衡,其中生态退耕、建设用地占用、灾毁和农业产业结构调整是耕地减少的主要原因,对于林地的开垦、未利用土地开发、居民点及工矿用地和水利设施用地整理是耕地增加的主要来源,但耕地总体是逐年减少的。本文提出要处理好耕地保护与粮食安全、城市发展和生态环境建设之间的关系,具体可以通过提高耕地质量保证粮食安全;通过建立城乡统一的土地市场,协调城市化和耕地减少之间的矛盾;通过合理的生态退耕,协调生态环境建设与耕地保护之间的关系。
Abstract:
This paper analyses the current status of agricultural pollution resulting from overuse of agricultural chemical inputs since the reform and open-up. It turns out that the formation of agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies, rural-urban economic structure, pollution controlling fund, environmental general management, “agri-environmental” policies, pollution controlling law and farmer’s environmental awareness. In order to cope with agricultural pollution effectively, some measures that have to be taken are as follows: integration of agricultural and environmental policies, establishment of environmental friendly agricultural technology system, implementation of valley comprehensive management, enhancement of environmental management capabilities of agricultural pollution, strengthening of peasants’ environmental education and establishment of agricultural environmental protection law.
This paper analyses the current status of agricultural pollution resulting from overuse of agricultural chemical inputs since the reform and open-up. It turns out that the formation of agricultural pollution is related to agricultural industrial policies, rural-urban economic structure, pollution controlling fund, environmental general management, “agri-environmental” policies, pollution controlling law and farmer’s environmental awareness. In order to cope with agricultural pollution effectively, some measures that have to be taken are as follows: integration of agricultural and environmental policies, establishment of environmental friendly agricultural technology system, implementation of valley comprehensive management, enhancement of environmental management capabilities of agricultural pollution, strengthening of peasants’ environmental education and establishment of agricultural environmental protection law.
Abstract:
本文从水稻生产、市场、贸易等方面,分析了世界水稻产业发展现状,以及世界水稻产业发展面临着人口持续增加,消费量稳定增长;资源约束性增强,水稻生产增速放缓;全球气候变暖,灾害性气候和病虫害多发;比较效益偏低,增产与增收矛盾突出等严峻形势。指出今后世界水稻产业发展的趋势是水稻产量总量增加,增速减缓;稻米人均消费量稳定,总量增加;各国自给率提高,贸易量减少。提出要立足国内稻米生产基本自给、利用国际市场满足国内需求不现实,要大力提高水稻产业化水平。
本文从水稻生产、市场、贸易等方面,分析了世界水稻产业发展现状,以及世界水稻产业发展面临着人口持续增加,消费量稳定增长;资源约束性增强,水稻生产增速放缓;全球气候变暖,灾害性气候和病虫害多发;比较效益偏低,增产与增收矛盾突出等严峻形势。指出今后世界水稻产业发展的趋势是水稻产量总量增加,增速减缓;稻米人均消费量稳定,总量增加;各国自给率提高,贸易量减少。提出要立足国内稻米生产基本自给、利用国际市场满足国内需求不现实,要大力提高水稻产业化水平。
Abstract:
This paper try to comparative multi-function of urban modern agriculture of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou for example, and use the method of combing static and dynamic and of combing qualitative and quantitative to comparative and analyze the urban modern agriculture functions of economy, ecology and society. It can be seen that the differences on economic mainly in the difference of structure of agricultural land only for the difference of types of terrain of three cities, which affect the structure of agriculture industry. Ratio of agro-structural change decreases gradually. Advantage indexes of animal husbandry and fisheries of Shanghai are higher, farming, fisheries and agricultural services of Nanjing, forestry and animal husbandry of Hangzhou are higher as well. The production capacity of vegetables of Shanghai and the production capacity of grain of Nanjing and the production capacity of fruit of Hangzhou is higher than that of others separately in 2010. Secondly, the value of farmland ecosystem carbon sequestration and oxygen releasing of Nanjing is lowest in 2010. Optimal adjustment of the agricultural space layout maintains the ecological environment. The pesticide and chemical fertilizer excessive remains a serious problem. Lastly, agricultural tourism of three cities is in the leisure stage towards the holiday stage. Meanwhile, the three cities take different leisure agriculture development models, and achieve results in employment and economic benefits.
This paper try to comparative multi-function of urban modern agriculture of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou for example, and use the method of combing static and dynamic and of combing qualitative and quantitative to comparative and analyze the urban modern agriculture functions of economy, ecology and society. It can be seen that the differences on economic mainly in the difference of structure of agricultural land only for the difference of types of terrain of three cities, which affect the structure of agriculture industry. Ratio of agro-structural change decreases gradually. Advantage indexes of animal husbandry and fisheries of Shanghai are higher, farming, fisheries and agricultural services of Nanjing, forestry and animal husbandry of Hangzhou are higher as well. The production capacity of vegetables of Shanghai and the production capacity of grain of Nanjing and the production capacity of fruit of Hangzhou is higher than that of others separately in 2010. Secondly, the value of farmland ecosystem carbon sequestration and oxygen releasing of Nanjing is lowest in 2010. Optimal adjustment of the agricultural space layout maintains the ecological environment. The pesticide and chemical fertilizer excessive remains a serious problem. Lastly, agricultural tourism of three cities is in the leisure stage towards the holiday stage. Meanwhile, the three cities take different leisure agriculture development models, and achieve results in employment and economic benefits.
Abstract:
With the increase of the importation scale, the quality and safety of imported whey powder has become the hot issue which arise a lot of attentions and should be solved urgently. This thesis analyzes the necessities of establishing the quality and safety risk warning mechanism of imported whey powder, based on the current conditions of whey powder importation, using the method of warning method based on case study ratiocination, sets up the imported whey powder quality and safety risk warning mechanism from three aspects, including warning information gathering, warning model building and fast response system, and puts forwards the countermeasures of consummating the warning system
With the increase of the importation scale, the quality and safety of imported whey powder has become the hot issue which arise a lot of attentions and should be solved urgently. This thesis analyzes the necessities of establishing the quality and safety risk warning mechanism of imported whey powder, based on the current conditions of whey powder importation, using the method of warning method based on case study ratiocination, sets up the imported whey powder quality and safety risk warning mechanism from three aspects, including warning information gathering, warning model building and fast response system, and puts forwards the countermeasures of consummating the warning system
2015,36(2):315-320, DOI: 10.13872/j.1000-0275.2015.0011
Abstract:
Along with the intelligence and automation improving in agricultural machinery, the application of steering-by-wire technology in agricultural vehicles such as tractors has received concerns and researches. In order to guide the study of hydraulic steering-by-wire of tractor and to shorten the development cycle, a co-simulation model was built based on the analysis of hydraulic steering-by-wire system control algorithm and structure. The hydraulic system and full vehicle model were built on AMESim software platform. Meantime, PID, fuzzy PID and fuzzy immune PID control modeling were constructed by using Simulink software. While Visual C++ 6.0 was chosen to realize interface communication, the angle response and angle following co-simulation were completed with angle transmission ratio 1; as well as the co-simulation of yawing angular velocity response and centroid side-slip angle response under the speed of 15 km/h, the steering wheel Angle 180°, angle transmission ratio 9. The experimental results show that step response time achieves 0.272 s with fuzzy immune PID control, following error of 1.182°, 3% overshoot amount of the yawing angular velocity response, and 0.85°/s steady-state value of centroid side-slip angle response, they both prevail over the performance of common PID and fuzzy PID. In conclusion, co-simulation maintains a strong reference value, and an ideal control effect is able to achieve while fuzzy immune PID control are applied into hydraulic steering-by-wire system.
Along with the intelligence and automation improving in agricultural machinery, the application of steering-by-wire technology in agricultural vehicles such as tractors has received concerns and researches. In order to guide the study of hydraulic steering-by-wire of tractor and to shorten the development cycle, a co-simulation model was built based on the analysis of hydraulic steering-by-wire system control algorithm and structure. The hydraulic system and full vehicle model were built on AMESim software platform. Meantime, PID, fuzzy PID and fuzzy immune PID control modeling were constructed by using Simulink software. While Visual C++ 6.0 was chosen to realize interface communication, the angle response and angle following co-simulation were completed with angle transmission ratio 1; as well as the co-simulation of yawing angular velocity response and centroid side-slip angle response under the speed of 15 km/h, the steering wheel Angle 180°, angle transmission ratio 9. The experimental results show that step response time achieves 0.272 s with fuzzy immune PID control, following error of 1.182°, 3% overshoot amount of the yawing angular velocity response, and 0.85°/s steady-state value of centroid side-slip angle response, they both prevail over the performance of common PID and fuzzy PID. In conclusion, co-simulation maintains a strong reference value, and an ideal control effect is able to achieve while fuzzy immune PID control are applied into hydraulic steering-by-wire system.
Abstract:
Large scale is the direction of pig- producing development of China in future, but does not mean breeding scale the bigger the better. The rationality, scientificalness and suitability of each region pig- producing scale has determined the effectiveness of pig-producing to a large extent. This paper shows that, from the national average level to see, the moderate scale has the strongest profitability. Specific to major pig producing provinces, the strongest profitability of farming was difference in different province. The current pig scale cultivation exist such problems as the disease prevention and control status not optimum, production cost and the scales price has no advantage and the standardization level need to improve. Finally, combine the current national and provincial pig scale development situation and problems, this paper proposed the corresponding countermeasure to promote the healthy development of
Large scale is the direction of pig- producing development of China in future, but does not mean breeding scale the bigger the better. The rationality, scientificalness and suitability of each region pig- producing scale has determined the effectiveness of pig-producing to a large extent. This paper shows that, from the national average level to see, the moderate scale has the strongest profitability. Specific to major pig producing provinces, the strongest profitability of farming was difference in different province. The current pig scale cultivation exist such problems as the disease prevention and control status not optimum, production cost and the scales price has no advantage and the standardization level need to improve. Finally, combine the current national and provincial pig scale development situation and problems, this paper proposed the corresponding countermeasure to promote the healthy development of
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Supported by:Beijing E-Tiller Technology Development Co., Ltd.